home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- INTRODUCTION TO KATAKANA
- ------------------------
-
- There are three kinds of writing used in Japan today;
- Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana. Kanji originated in China
- and is a kind of pictogram writing that westerners find
- very difficult to learn. Each character must be memorized
- and they number in the thousands. Hiragana is composed of
- letters, not unlike our own alphabet. It evolved from
- Kanji, and is the dominant system in use in Modern Japan.
- Katakana is a third system of characters that has become
- extremely popular. Originally it was reserved for words
- that were taken from foreign languages, but has come to be
- used for emphasis, even with Japanese words. Because most
- of the words that are written in Katakana are based on
- English, and the other European languages, Katakana is the
- most important to learn if you are planning to visit or
- stay in Japan.
-
- Learning the letters is only half of the battle. It takes
- practice to be able to figure what the message in the
- Katakana word is. For example, the word <sports> is
- spelled su-po-tsu. It is extremely helpful when traveling
- in Japan to understand how to make an English word into
- one that a Japanese will understand. Once you get the hang
- of it, it is real easy, even fun.
-
-
- Pronounciation
- --------------
- Pronounciation in Japanese is straight-forward.
- The letter a, like in the Japanese syllable ka, rhymes
- with the old Iranian leader's title of the shah. The letter
- i is pronounced as a long vowel. An example is the ki,
- pronounced like the english word key. The Japanese
- syllable ke rhymes with the english words bed and fed. If
- you see the syllable du you should pronounce it like the
- word due, which rhymes with clue. The syllable ko, rhymes
- with show. Use these examples whenever you are in doubt
- about the pronounciation. Unlike English, Japanese
- doesn't have many exceptions, at least in pronounciation.
-
- The Japanese often end words in vowels ie. address becomes
- a-de-re-su. This will become second nature when you start
- to use the word section of this program.
-
- In Katakana there are five basic vowels; a, i, u, e, and
- o. All of the letters that you will learn are composed of
- these letters and and a consonant. There are 8 basic
- consonant-vowel combinations that you will learn.
-
- First, we have the k's. They are ka, ki, ku, ke, and ko.
- Say each of these out loud once or twice to get a feel for
- them. Next we have the s's: sa, shi <an exception>, su,
- se, and so. Next comes the t's: ta, chi <an exception>,
- tsu <another exception>, te, and to. Then come the n's:
- na, ni, nu, ne, and no. Followed by the h's: ha, hi, fu
- <an exception>, he, and ho. Next the well behaved m's: ma, mi
- mu, me, and mo. Then come the y's: ya, yu, and yo <only
- three of them>. They are followed by the r's: ra, ri, ru
- re, and ro. There is also a wa and the single consonant n.
- Don't worry if you can't remember these, thats why we
- wrote this program; to help you to remember them.
-
- At any time during the program <but not now> you can view
- the total list of characters, and they're combinations by
- pressing help.
-
- So far, so good....Now comes the interesting part. If any
- of the letters are followed by the character " they become
- what is called a gutoral. That means that the letter % or
- ka, if followed by " becomes the letter ga. % is ka and %"
- is ga. Don't worry, you will get plenty of practice on this
- point. Letters that start with h, when followed by the "
- now start with b's. T's followed by " become d's. S's,
- when followed by " become z's.
-
- In a similair way, the letters that start with and h, when
- followed by a ! , become p's. For example & is ha , but &!
- is pa.
-
- Next, the three letters, ( , ) , and * give the letters in
- front of them a special meaning. When one of these letters
- follows a another letter, the pronounciatin of the
- syllable changes in this way; we just keep the begining
- consonant of the first letter, and use the second letter's
- sound. For example % or ka when followed by ( becomes kya.
- When ka is followed by * like in %* the group is
- pronounced kyo. %) is spoken kyu. Again, the practice
- sessions will teach you everything that you will need to
- know.
-
- The character # means that you should hold the syllable
- longer.
-
- Finally, one of the most common characters that you will
- see is the $, or tsu. When tsu is in the middle of a word,
- it means that the letter that follows it is a double
- letter is like the d in the word mid-dle or the t in the
- word let-ter. The tsu tells us that the letter following
- it belongs to both the letter before the tsu, and the
- letter after the tsu. You will see it constantly, so be
- aware of it.
-
- Try some of the practice sessions now. Use the letter
- practice first, and when you feel that you know most of
- the letters, try the test. Remember, to switch from
- practice to test mode, place the star in the main menu to
- the proper entry, and hit the space bar. Next try the
- practice mode for the combinations of letters, and when
- you are good, try the test mode for them. In practice mode
- hit the space bar once to see the answer, and again
- to make it disappear. Finally, try the word practice.
-
- Good Luck
-
-
-